The investigation into Armstrong's utilization of performance-maximizing substances was substantial. USADA compiled testimony from former teammates and collected biological evidence that painted a damning image of Armstrong's doping tactics.
Armstrong proposed Betsy may well are bewildered by possible point out of his publish-operative treatment method, which provided steroids and EPO which can be taken to counteract the Unwanted side effects of intense chemotherapy.[38] The Andreus' allegation wasn't supported via the 8 Others current, like Armstrong's health practitioner Craig Nichols,[39] or his professional medical record.
From 1999 to 2005, Armstrong dominated the Tour de France, profitable an unprecedented seven consecutive titles. His comeback Tale and biking achievements created him a world sports activities icon and an inspiration to many.
Armstrong, who survived testicular cancer before his file-breaking Tour wins, reported he would now be specializing in dealing with his cancer charity.
French anti-doping authorities experienced retroactively applied The brand new EPO test to samples in the 1999 Tour de France in an effort to check the robustness of their new exam.
In Oct 2005, in reaction to calls from your Worldwide Olympic Committee (IOC) and also the WADA for an independent investigation, the UCI appointed Dutch law firm Emile Vrijman to research the dealing with of urine checks through the LNDD. Vrijman was head of the Dutch anti-doping company for ten yrs; because then he has labored to be a protection attorney defending large-profile athletes from doping charges.
"Nobody dopes and it is genuine," says Armstrong in The brand new movie. "You are not. The one way you may dope and become genuine is if nobody ever asks you, which isn't real looking.
On top of O'Reilly's aforementioned allegations, the guide also contained Stephen Swart's allegation of doping by Armstrong and Other individuals about the Motorola staff; this assert was denied by other staff customers.[29][thirty]
'It has been an extended journey' - Floyd Landis finds gravel as being a reason for getting back again on a bike for The very first time in a decade
Armstrong resigned from the inspiration's board in 2012. Livestrong rebranded, eliminating his name and signature yellow wristbands from its symbol.
'This is a joke' - disappointment, anger and calls for obligation sear through Volta ao Algarve peloton right after phase one finish chaos
The confession started out a duration of reckoning for Expert biking - by using a full impartial more info investigation via the Cycling Impartial Reform Fee into your common usage of doping items in Professional biking and complicitness by the UCI itself.
Armstrong's tumble from grace dealt a severe blow to biking's credibility. Sponsors withdrew assistance, and public believe in within the Activity plummeted. Lots of questioned no matter whether prime performances may be reached with no functionality-improving medication.
On January 4, 2013, The The big apple Occasions reported that Armstrong had told associates and anti-doping officers that he was contemplating publicly admitting having applied banned efficiency-maximizing medications and blood transfusions throughout his biking career.